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Church Army New Zealand. A brief history and identity piece.
By Carl Tinnion

Origins and Vision…

The Church Army started in England in 1882 with a man named Wilson Carlile. He was a young Anglican curate (trainee vicar) who felt it was not enough to solely minister to people within the church. He believed the Church’s wider mission existed for all those who lived and worked outside it, including those who might never set foot through its doors.

This new organisation described itself as a society of evangelists authorised by the Anglican Church. That definition still holds true today.

By Carl Tinnion

Origins and Vision…

The Church Army started in England in 1882 with a man named Wilson Carlile. He was a young Anglican curate (trainee vicar) who felt it was not enough to solely minister to people within the church. He believed the Church’s wider mission existed for all those who lived and worked outside it, including those who might never set foot through its doors.

This new organisation described itself as a society of evangelists authorised by the Anglican Church. That definition still holds true today.

  • Two hands with small smiley-face tattoos
    Two hands with small smiley-face tattoos
  • Sunlight streaming through window blinds against a dark wall
    Sunlight streaming through window blinds against a dark wall
  • Graffiti-covered wall
    Graffiti-covered wall
  • Church entrance seen through a narrow passageway
    Church entrance seen through a narrow passageway
01—

A Movement Beyond the Walls…

01—

A Movement Beyond the Walls…

Church Army vehicle: Taking the gospel beyond the walls of the church and into everyday communities.
Salt shaker on a tabletop
Church Army badge: The Church Army, a movement of evangelists with a heart for those beyond the reach of traditional church ministry.

Very quickly, Carlile realised that he needed to train many more people outside of the clergy to take up the challenge of preaching the gospel to everyday people. He combined gospel evangelism with practical social action and saw no need to distinguish between the two.

Initially, they worked amongst the slums of Westminster in London, in prisons, with the homeless, young people on the streets, workhouses, care homes and more. Their work soon expanded to include open-air gatherings and tent missions. They started a film company to preach the gospel, a printing press for tracts, mobile food canteens and buses, and eventually played a key role during both World Wars, caring for soldiers and providing for their needs on the frontlines.

Very quickly, Carlile realised that he needed to train many more people outside of the clergy to take up the challenge of preaching the gospel to everyday people. He combined gospel evangelism with practical social action and saw no need to distinguish between the two.
Initially, they worked amongst the slums of Westminster in London, in prisons, with the homeless, young people on the streets, workhouses, care homes and more. Their work soon expanded to include open-air gatherings and tent missions. They started a film company to preach the gospel, a printing press for tracts, mobile food canteens and buses, and eventually played a key role during both World Wars, caring for soldiers and providing for their needs on the frontlines.

The Church Army still exists today, and has spread into a global movement. It has changed its name in various locations to fit the contexts, where the word ‘army’ can carry other connotations.

Broadly speaking, Church Army describes itself as a mission community with a passion for the gospel and a heart for the marginalised, the vulnerable and those on the edges of society. It is about seeing God’s love and hope for the world break into people’s lives in tangible and real ways.

The Church Army still exists today, and has spread into a global movement. It has changed its name in various locations to fit the contexts, where the word ‘army’ can carry other connotations.
Broadly speaking, Church Army describes itself as a mission community with a passion for the gospel and a heart for the marginalised, the vulnerable and those on the edges of society. It is about seeing God’s love and hope for the world break into people’s lives in tangible and real ways.
02—

New Zealand Beginnings…

02—

New Zealand Beginnings…

Church Army first arrived on these beautiful shores in 1926, following an invitation from Bishop Sedgwick of the Waiapu Diocese, who was concerned about people living and working in public work camps.

Seventeen people volunteered to come from England to take up the challenge, but Waiapu only had funding to support one person!

The language used at the time is fascinating. Church Army was described as the ‘Spearhead of the Church’, with its work directed particularly towards people whom conventional parish ministry wasn’t reaching.

The work grew quickly. By the early 1930s, Church Army missionaries were travelling all over the country conducting open-air missions. Then, in 1933, another team of eight people came out from England, led by Captain S. R. Banyard. It was at this point that the organisation began to grow rapidly, becoming known as the ‘Flying Column’. They conducted missions throughout the South Island, Wellington, Gisborne and into Auckland.

It is worth noting that during the terrible earthquake in Napier in 1931, Captain Banyard, along with a man named Captain Spires, built a Church Army hut beside the destroyed Cathedral to minister to those most affected by loss and grief. As mentioned earlier, their theology of mission was holistic, recognising God’s love for all people, in all places, and at all times.

The real institutional turning point came in November 1935, when an autonomous Church Army was launched in New Zealand. Its headquarters were established on Richmond Road, Auckland, in what became known as Carlile House. Captain Banyard became the new Director, marking a significant turning point for the organisation.

Church Army wasn’t primarily trying to create another clerical institution. It was more interested in intentionally raising up trained lay evangelists who could broaden the work of the Church throughout New Zealand.

At Carlile House, a two-year residential training course was developed. Students were trained for both evangelistic and practical ministry. The organisation eventually produced New Zealand-born Church Army officers as well, the first being a man named Douglas Caswell, who later became the Auckland City Missioner.

This provides a fascinating connection between Church Army and the development of Anglican social mission in Auckland. A story for another time!

Salt shaker on a tabletop
Salt shaker on a tabletop
Carlile House images: Carlile House in Auckland became Church Army New Zealand’s headquarters and training centre in 1935.
03—

A Growing Season…

03—

A Growing Season…

Salt shaker on a tabletop
Church Army badge: Church Army’s historic badge, representing a movement committed to evangelism and practical service.
Salt shaker on a tabletop
Church Army Hut: During World War II, Church Army huts and mobile units provided spiritual and practical support to servicemen.

As in England, Church Army New Zealand became heavily involved in ministry to the armed forces during World War II.

Heritage New Zealand records that 75 laymen were trained during the war to represent the Anglican Church in spiritual and social welfare work among the Armed Forces at home, across the Pacific and even as far away as the Middle East. They operated from small huts and mobile units, providing ongoing support to soldiers.

By the 1950s and 1960s, the work of Church Army was remarkably broad in its scope. Their ministry included staffing in old people’s homes and orphanages, running children’s holiday camps, and working as social workers in a variety of contexts, from prisons to public work camps.

They were still running open-air missions across the country, working in Māori communities and amongst young people, while continuing to train lay evangelists to work alongside clergy in parish churches.

04—

Today and into the Future…

04—

Today and into the Future…

The need to work alongside churches continues to be just as relevant today as it was back then.

Church Army has recently gone through a significant period of renewal, with a new Director, a re-sharpening of our vision and, importantly, a new name!

We are now called The Salt and Light Collective. We have a new Board, a new website, and new evangelists are joining the movement every month. It is an exciting time for a rebirth.

And yet, the DNA that Wilson Carlile instilled into our organisation globally remains the same. We are still called to take the gospel of Jesus to ordinary people outside the church and proclaim the good news. We are still called to train lay Christians for the work of ministry and to play our part in growing God’s Church here in New Zealand. We still believe strongly in the partnership between proclamation and practical service in the local community.

The original growth of our work in Aotearoa wasn’t about attracting people to come to church. It was about meeting people where they were, whether that was in public work camps, in times of need or on the streets.

And yet, the DNA that Wilson Carlile instilled into our organisation globally remains the same. We are still called to take the gospel of Jesus to ordinary people outside the church and proclaim the good news. We are still called to train lay Christians for the work of ministry and to play our part in growing God’s Church here in New Zealand. We still believe strongly in the partnership between proclamation and practical service in the local community.

The original growth of our work in Aotearoa wasn’t about attracting people to come to church. It was about meeting people where they were, whether that was in public work camps, in times of need or on the streets.

04—

We exist for everyone outside the four walls of the church.

04—

We exist for everyone outside the four walls of the church.

For everyone, everywhere, to encounter God’s love and to be empowered to transform their communities through faith shared in words and actions.

A Rough NZ timeline;


01

1882

Wilson Carlile establishes Church Army in England

01

1882

Wilson Carlile establishes Church Army in England

01

1882

Wilson Carlile establishes Church Army in England

02

1926

Bishop Sedgwick of Waiapu appeals for Church Army help; first Church Army officer comes to NZ

02

1926

Bishop Sedgwick of Waiapu appeals for Church Army help; first Church Army officer comes to NZ

02

1926

Bishop Sedgwick of Waiapu appeals for Church Army help; first Church Army officer comes to NZ

03

1927

Church Army ministry develops in Waiapueate practical, culturally grounded tools for churches, vestries and evangelists.

03

1927

Church Army ministry develops in Waiapueate practical, culturally grounded tools for churches, vestries and evangelists.

03

1927

Church Army ministry develops in Waiapueate practical, culturally grounded tools for churches, vestries and evangelists.

04

1931

Church Army works among earthquake victims in Napier

04

1931

Church Army works among earthquake victims in Napier

04

1931

Church Army works among earthquake victims in Napier

05

1933

Pioneer team from England arrives; extensive “Flying Column” missions begin

05

1933

Pioneer team from England arrives; extensive “Flying Column” missions begin

05

1933

Pioneer team from England arrives; extensive “Flying Column” missions begin

06

1934–35

Missions spread through South Island, Wellington, Auckland and other dioceses

06

1934–35

Missions spread through South Island, Wellington, Auckland and other dioceses

06

1934–35

Missions spread through South Island, Wellington, Auckland and other dioceses

07

1935

Autonomous Church Army in NZ formally established

07

1935

Autonomous Church Army in NZ formally established

07

1935

Autonomous Church Army in NZ formally established

08

1935

Carlile House, Richmond Road, Auckland becomes headquarters/training centre

08

1935

Carlile House, Richmond Road, Auckland becomes headquarters/training centre

08

1935

Carlile House, Richmond Road, Auckland becomes headquarters/training centre

09

1939–45

Major expansion into military and welfare ministry during WWII

09

1939–45

Major expansion into military and welfare ministry during WWII

09

1939–45

Major expansion into military and welfare ministry during WWII

10

1950

Captain Banyard becomes welfare officer at Mount Eden Prison

10

1950

Captain Banyard becomes welfare officer at Mount Eden Prison

10

1950

Captain Banyard becomes welfare officer at Mount Eden Prison

11

1950s–60s

Strong involvement in parish missions, social welfare, youth, Māori ministry and evangelist training

11

1950s–60s

Strong involvement in parish missions, social welfare, youth, Māori ministry and evangelist training

11

1950s–60s

Strong involvement in parish missions, social welfare, youth, Māori ministry and evangelist training

12

1969

Church Army leaves Carlile House

12

1969

Church Army leaves Carlile House

12

1969

Church Army leaves Carlile House

13

1969

Church Army leaves Carlile House

13

1969

Church Army leaves Carlile House

13

1969

Church Army leaves Carlile House

14

1974

Still operating as an Anglican society with evangelistic, Māori, youth and social welfare ministries

14

1974

Still operating as an Anglican society with evangelistic, Māori, youth and social welfare ministries

14

1974

Still operating as an Anglican society with evangelistic, Māori, youth and social welfare ministries

15

Today

Church Army NZ continues as a society of lay evangelists, with a national presence and evangelists working in different contexts.

15

Today

Church Army NZ continues as a society of lay evangelists, with a national presence and evangelists working in different contexts.

15

Today

Church Army NZ continues as a society of lay evangelists, with a national presence and evangelists working in different contexts.